Tuesday, November 27, 2018

Finders Investigative Services is an investigative services firm that is owned and operated by Stacy Tanner.

Finders Investigative Services is an investigative services firm that is owned and operated by Stacy Tanner. On June 30, 2019, the end of the fiscal year, the accountant for Finders Investigative Services prepared an end-of-period spreadsheet, a part of which follows:

A F G 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
201 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Finders Investigative  Services End-of-Period Spreadsheet For the Year Ended June 30, 2019 Adjusted Trial Balance Dr. Cr.Account Title Cash Accounts Receivable Supplies Prepaid Insurance Building Accumulated Depreciation—Building Accounts Payable
Salaries Payable Unearned Rent Stacy Tanner, Capital Stacy Tanner, Drawing Service Fees Rent Revenue Salaries Expense Rent Expense Supplies Expense Depreciation Expense—Building Utilities Expense Repairs Expense Insurance Expense Miscellaneous Expense 718,000 12,000 28,000 69,600 4,600 2,500 439,500 12,000 44,200 11,700 3,000 2,000 373,800 522,100 48,000 10,800 8,750 7,150 3,000 2,500 6,200 1,164,700 1,164,700












Instructions
1. Prepare an income statement, a statement of owner’s equity (no additional investments were made during the year), and a balance sheet.
2. Journalize the entries that were required to close the accounts at June 30.
3. If Stacy Tanner, Capital has instead decreased $30,000 after the closing entries were posted, and the withdrawals remained the same, what would have been the amount of net income or net loss?



Answer:




1.
Revenues:
Service fees$718,000
Rent revenue12,000
Total revenues$730,000
Expenses:
Salaries expense$522,100
Rent expense48,000
Supplies expense10,800
Depreciation expense—building 8,750
Utilities expense7,150
Repairs expense3,000
Insurance expense2,500
Miscellaneous expense6,200
Total expenses608,500
Net income$121,500
Stacy Tanner, capital, July 1, 2018$373,800
Net income for the year$121,500
Withdrawals(12,000)
Increase in owner’s equity109,500
Stacy Tanner, capital, June 30, 2019$483,300

Current assets:
Cash$28,000
Accounts receivable69,600
Supplies4,600
Prepaid insurance2,500
Total current assets$104,700
Property, plant, and equipment:
Building$439,500
Less accumulated depreciation 44,200
Total property, plant, and building395,300
Total assets$500,000
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$11,700
Salaries payable3,000
Unearned rent2,000
Total liabilities$ 16,700
Stacy Tanner, capital483,300
Total liabilities and owner’s equity$500,000  
2.  2019
 June 30 Service Fees718,000
Rent Revenue12,000
Salaries Expense522,100
Rent Expense48,000
Supplies Expense10,800
Depreciation Expense—Building 8,750
Utilities Expense7,150
Repairs Expense3,000
Insurance Expense2,500
Miscellaneous Expense6,200
Stacy Tanner, Capital121,500
30 Stacy Tanner, Capital12,000
Stacy Tanner, Drawing12,000
3. $(18,000) net loss ($30,000 – $12,000). The $30,000 decrease is caused by the 
$(12,000) withdrawals and an $(18,000) net loss.

Beacon Signals Company maintains and repairs warning lights, such as those found on radio towers and lighthouses.

Beacon Signals Company maintains and repairs warning lights, such as those found on radio towers and lighthouses.



Beacon Signals Company prepared the following end-of-period spreadsheet at December 31, 2019, the end of the fiscal year:

Accounts Receivable Prepaid Insurance Supplies Land Building Accum. Depr.—Building Equipment Accum. Depr.—Equipment Accounts Payable Salaries and Wages Payable Unearned Rent Sarah Colin, Capital Sarah Colin, Drawing Fees Earned Rent Revenue Salaries and Wages Expense Advertising Expense Utilities Expense Depr. Exp.—Building Repairs Expense Depr. Exp.—Equipment Insurance Expense Supplies Expense Misc. Expense Beacon Signals Company End-of-Period Spreadsheet Unadjusted AdjustmentsTrial BalanceTrial Balance Account Title Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr.

Adjusted
13,000 40,500 4,200 3,000 98,000 500,000 121,900 10,000 163,100 21,700 11,400 8,850 4,350 255,300 100,100 15,700 2,100 238,100 388,700 (a)  12,500 (g)    1,300 (f)     4,900 (d)    9,000 (e)    4,500 (b)    3,000 (c)    2,250  37,450 (b) 3,000 (c) 2,250 (d) 9,000 (e) 4,500 (f) 4,900 (a)12,500 (g) 1,300  37,450 13,000 53,000 1,200 75 98,000 500,000 121,900 10,000 168,000 21,700 11,400 9,000 8,850 4,500 3,000 2,250 4,350 1,030,900  264,300 104,600 15,700 4,900 8 238,100 401,200 1,300 1,030,900

Instructions
1. Prepare an income statement for the year ended December 31.
2. Prepare a statement of owner’s equity for the year ended December 31. No additional investments were made during the year.
3. Prepare a balance sheet as of December 31.
4. Based upon the end-of-period spreadsheet, journalize the closing entries.
5. Prepare a post-closing trial balance.


Answer:




1.
Revenues:
Fees earned$401,200
Rent revenue1,300
Total revenues$402,500
Expenses:
Salaries and wages expense $168,000
Advertising expense21,700
Utilities expense11,400
Depreciation expense—building 9,000
Repairs expense8,850
Depreciation expense—equipment 4,500
Insurance expense3,000
Supplies expense2,250
Miscellaneous expense4,350
Total expenses233,050
Net income$169,450
2.
Sarah Colin, capital, January 1, 2019$238,100
Net income for the year$169,450
Withdrawals(10,000)
Increase in owner’s equity159,450
Sarah Colin, capital, December 31, 2019$397,550
3.
Current assets:
Cash$ 13,000
Accounts receivable53,000
Prepaid insurance1,200
Supplies750
Total current assets$ 67,950
Property, plant, and equipment:
Land$ 98,000
Building$500,000
Less accumulated depreciation 264,300 235,700
Equipment$121,900
Less accumulated decpreciation 104,600 17,300
Total property, plant, and equipment351,000
Total assets$418,950
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$ 15,700
Salaries and wages payable4,900
Unearned rent800
Total liabilities$ 21,400
Sarah Colin, capital397,550
Total liabilities and owner’s equity$418,950
4.  2019
 Dec. 31 Fees Earned401,200
Rent Revenue1,300
Salaries and Wages Expense168,000
Advertising Expense21,700
Utilities Expense11,400
Depreciation Expense—Building 9,000
Repairs Expense8,850
Depreciation Expense—Equipment 4,500
Insurance Expense3,000
Supplies Expense2,250
Miscellaneous Expense4,350
Sarah Colin, Capital169,450
31 Sarah Colin, Capital10,000
Sarah Colin, Drawing10,000
5.
Debit Credit
Balances Balances
Cash13,000
Accounts Receivable53,000
Prepaid Insurance1,200
Supplies750
Land98,000
Building500,000
Accumulated Depreciation—Building264,300
Equipment121,900
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment104,600
Accounts Payable15,700
Salaries and Wages Payable4,900
Unearned Rent800
Sarah Colin, Capital397,550
787,850 787,850

Friday, November 9, 2018

Daisy’s Creamery Inc. is considering one of two investment options. Option 1 is a $75,000 investment in

Daisy’s Creamery Inc. is considering one of two investment options. Option 1 is a $75,000 investment in new blending equipment that is expected to produce equal annual cash flows of $19,000 for each of seven years. Option 2 is a $90,000 investment in a new computer system that is expected to produce equal annual cash flows of $27,000 for each of five years. The residual value of the blending equipment at the end of the fifth year is estimated to be $15,000. The computer system has no expected residual value at the end of the fifth year.

Assume there is sufficient capital to fund only one of the projects. Determine which project should be selected, comparing the (a) net present values and (b) present value indices of the two projects. Assume a minimum rate of return of 10%. Round the present value index to two decimal places. Use the present value tables presented in this chapter (Exhibits 1 and 2).


Answer:


a. Blending Equipment 
Equal annual cash flows for Years 1–5………………………………… 
 × Present value of a $1 annuity at 10% for five periods………………     3.791 
 Present value of operating cash flows……………………………………  $ 72,029 
 Residual value at end of fifth year……………………………………… $15,000  
 × Present value of $1 at 10% for five periods……………………………     0.621  
 Present value of of residual value…………………………………………    9,315 
 Total present value of cash flows…………………………………………  $ 81,344 
 Less amount to be invested………………………………………………     75,000 
 Net present value……………………………………………………………  $   6,344 
Computer System 
Equal annual cash flows for Years 1–5…………………………………… $27,000 
× Present value of a $1 annuity at 10% for five periods………………     3.791 
Present value of operating cash flows………………………………… $102,357 
Less amount to be invested…………………………………………………    90,000 
Net present value……………………………………………………………… $ 12,357 
b. Present value index of blending equipment: 
Present value index of computer system: 
Both the net present value calculations in part (a) and the present value index 
calculations in part (b) suggest that the computer system should be selected 
between the two options if there is sufficient capital for only one project 
investment. 

Bunker Hill Mining Company has two competing proposals: a processing mill and an electric shovel

Bunker Hill Mining Company has two competing proposals: a processing mill and an electric shovel. Both pieces of equipment have an initial investment of $750,000. The net cash flows estimated for the two proposals are as follows:

Net Cash Flow
Year Processing Mill Electric Shovel
1 $310,000 $330,000
2 260,000 325,000
3 260,000 325,000
4 260,000 320,000
5 180,000
6 130,000
7 120,000
8 120,000

The estimated residual value of the processing mill at the end of Year 4 is $280,000.

Determine which equipment should be favored, comparing the net present values of the two proposals and assuming a minimum rate of return of 15%. Use the present value tables presented in this chapter (Exhibits 1 and 2).


Answer:
Processing Mill 
Present Value 
Net Cash 
Present Value of 
Year of $1 at 15% Flow Net Cash Flow 
1 0.870 
$   310,000 $269,700 
2 0.756 
3 0.658 
260,000 
260,000 
4 0.572 260,000 148,720 
4 (residual value) 0.572   280,000   160,160 
Total……………………………………… 
Less amount to be invested…………… 
Net present value……………………… 
$1,370,000 $946,220 
Electric Shovel 
Year 
Present Value Net Cash Present Value of 
of $1 at 15%  Flow  Net Cash Flow 
0.870 $   330,000 $287,100 
2 0.756 325,000 245,700 
3 0.658 325,000 213,850 
4 0.572   320,000   183,040 
Total……………………………………… $1,300,000 $929,690 
Less amount to be invested……………   750,000 
Net present value……………………… $179,690 
The net present value of both proposals is positive; thus, both pieces of equipment 
are acceptable. However, the net present value of the processing mill exceeds that 
of the electric shovel. Thus, the processing mill should be preferred if there is 
enough investment money for only one of the projects. 

Artscape Inc. is considering the purchase of automated machinery that is expected to have a useful life of five years

Artscape Inc. is considering the purchase of automated machinery that is expected to have a useful life of five years and no residual value. The average rate of return on the average investment has been computed to be 20%, and the cash payback period was computed to be 5.5 years.

Do you see any reason to question the validity of the data presented? Explain.

Answer:
With an expected useful life of five years, the cash payback period cannot be greater than five years. This would indicate that the cost of the initial investment would not be recovered during the useful life of the asset. In addition, there would be no positive average rate of return because a net loss would result. If the 20% average rate of return and useful life are correct, the cash payback period must be less than five years. Alternatively, if both the 20% average rate of return and 5.5 years for the cash payback period are correct, the machinery must have a useful life much more than five years.


Buckeye Healthcare Corp. is proposing to spend $186,725 on an eight-year project that has estimated net cash flows

Buckeye Healthcare Corp. is proposing to spend $186,725 on an eight-year project that has estimated net cash flows of $35,000 for each of the eight years.

a. Compute the net present value, using a rate of return of 12%. Use the present value of an annuity of $1 table in the chapter (Exhibit 2).

b. Based on the analysis prepared in part (a), is the rate of return (1) more than 12%, (2) 12%, or (3) less than 12%? Explain.

c. Determine the internal rate of return by computing a present value factor for an annuity of $1 and using the present value of an annuity of $1 table presented in the text (Exhibit 2).


Answer:
a. Present value of annual net cash flows ($35,000 × 4.968*)…………………… $173,880 
 Less amount to be invested………………………………………………………   186,725 
 Net present value…………………………………………………………………… $ (12,845) 
* Present value of an annuity of $1 at 12% for 8 periods from text Exhibit 2. 
b. The rate of return is less than 12% because there is a negative net present 
value. 
c. Present Value Factor 
for an Annuity of $1  = 
Amount to Be Invested 
Annual Net Cash Flow 
$186,725 
$35,000 
Internal Rate of Return 
= 5.335 
=  10% (from text Exhibit 2, 8 periods) 

Munch N’ Crunch Snack Company is considering two possible investments: a delivery truck or a bagging machine

Munch N’ Crunch Snack Company is considering two possible investments: a delivery truck or a bagging machine. The delivery truck would cost $43,056 and could be used to deliver an additional 95,000 bags of pretzels per year. Each bag of pretzels can be sold for a contribution margin of $0.45. The delivery truck operating expenses, excluding depreciation, are $1.35 per mile for 24,000 miles per year. The bagging machine would replace an old bagging machine, and its net investment cost would be $61,614. The new machine would require three fewer hours of direct labor per day. Direct labor is $18 per hour. There are 250 operating days in the year. Both the truck and the bagging machine are estimated to have seven-year lives. The minimum rate of return is 13%. However, Munch N’ Crunch has funds to invest in only one of the projects.

a. Compute the internal rate of return for each investment. Use the present value of an annuity of $1 table appearing in this chapter (Exhibit 2).

b. Provide a memo to management, with a recommendation.


Answer:

a. Delivery Truck  
 Cash received from additional delivery (95,000 bags × $0.45)……………… $42,750 
 Cash used for operating expenses (24,000 miles × $1.35)……………………   32,400 
 Net cash flow for delivery truck…………………………………………………… $10,350 
Present Value Factor for an Annuity 
of $1 for 7 Periods  = 

Amount to Be Invested 
Annual Net Cash Flow 
$43,056 
$10,350 
= 4.160 
Internal Rate of Return = 15% (from text Exhibit 2 for 7 periods) 
Bagging Machine 
Direct labor savings (3 hrs./day × $18/hr. × 250 days/yr.)……………… $13,500 
Present Value Factor for an Annuity 
of $1 for 7 Periods  = 

Amount to Be Invested 
Annual Net Cash Flow 
$61,614 
$13,500 
= 4.564 
Internal Rate of Return = 12% (from text Exhibit 2 for 7 periods) 
b. To: Management 
 Re: Investment Recommendation 
An internal rate of return analysis was performed for the delivery truck and 
bagging machine investments. The internal rate of return for the bagging 
machine is 12%, while the delivery truck is 15% (detailed analysis available). 
The bagging machine fails to exceed our minimum rate of return requirement of 
13%. In addition, there do not appear to be any qualitative considerations that 
would favor the bagging machine. Therefore, the recommendation is to invest in 
the delivery truck. 

The Canyons Resort, a Utah ski resort, recently announced a $415 million expansion of lodging properties, lifts, and terrain

The Canyons Resort, a Utah ski resort, recently announced a $415 million expansion of lodging properties, lifts, and terrain. Assume that this investment is estimated to produce $99 million in equal annual cash flows for each of the first 10 years of the project life.

a. Determine the expected internal rate of return of this project for 10 years, using the present value of an annuity of $1 table found in Exhibit 2.

b. What are some uncertainties that could reduce the internal rate of return of this project?


Answer:
a. Present Value Factor for an 
Annuity of $1 for 10 Periods  = 
Amount to Be Invested 
Annual Net Cash Flow 
$415 million 
$99 million 
= 4.192 
4.192 is the present value of an annuity factor for 10 years at 20% from Exhibit 2; 
thus, the internal rate of return on the cash flows for 10 years is 20%. 
b. There are many uncertainties that could adversely impact a project of this 
scale and scope. There are uncertainties affecting the initial investment and 
the annual cash flow assumptions. Regarding the initial investment, the 
construction cost could be higher than $415 million, due to delays, labor 
issues, and other construction site problems. The annual cash flow 
assumptions could be adversely impacted by uncertainties such as: 
1. warm weather conditions, or no snow. 
2. recessionary economic conditions that reduce the demand for ski holidays. 
3. competitor property improvements that siphon demand from the project. 
4. increased fuel costs that increase the cost of travel to ski resorts, thus 
reducing demand from non-local patrons. 
5. industry overbuilding that causes a price war to maintain volume. 

The internal rate of return method is used by Merit Construction Co. in analyzing a capital expenditure proposal

The internal rate of return method is used by Merit Construction Co. in analyzing a capital expenditure proposal that involves an investment of $82,220 and annual net cash flows of $20,000 for each of the six years of its useful life.

a. Determine a present value factor for an annuity of $1, which can be used in determining the internal rate of return.

b. Using the factor determined in part (a) and the present value of an annuity of $1 table appearing in this chapter (Exhibit 2), determine the internal rate of return for the proposal.


Answer:

a. 
Present Value Factor for an 
Annuity of $1 for 6 Periods  = 


Amount to Be Invested 
Annual Net Cash Flow 

$82,220 
$20,000 
b. 12% 
= 4.111 

Row 6 in Exhibit 2. The column associated with the factor 4.111 is 12%. 

The plant manager of Taiwan Electronics Company is considering the purchase of new automated assembly equipment

The plant manager of Taiwan Electronics Company is considering the purchase of new automated assembly equipment. The new equipment will cost $1,400,000. The manager believes that the new investment will result in direct labor savings of $350,000 per year for 10 years.

a. What is the payback period on this project?

b. What is the net present value, assuming a 10% rate of return? Use the present value of an annuity of $1 table in Exhibit 2.

c. What else should the manager consider in the analysis?


Answer:

a. Payback period: 
$1,400,000 
$350,000 
=  4 years 
b. Net present value: 
Present value factor for an annuity of $1, 10 periods at 10%: 6.145 
Net present value = (6.145 × $350,000) – $1,400,000 = $750,750 
c. Some critical elements that are missing from this analysis are: 
●   The manager is viewing the acquisition of automated assembly equipment as 
a labor-saving device. This is probably a limited way to view the investment. 
Instead, the equipment should allow the company to assemble the product 
with higher quality and higher flexibility. This should translate into greater 
sales volume, better pricing, and lower inventories. All of these could be 
brought into the analysis. 
●   The cost of the automated assembly equipment does not stop with the initial 
purchase price and installation costs. The equipment will require the company 
to hire engineers and support personnel to keep the machines running, to 
program the software, and to debug new programs. The operators will require 
new training. Thus, extensive training costs will likely be incurred. It would not 
be surprising to see a large portion of the direct labor savings lost by hiring 
expensive indirect labor support for the technology. 
●   There will likely be a start-up or learning curve with this new technology that 
will cause the benefits to be delayed. 
●   The analysis fails to account for taxes. 

Great Plains Railroad Inc. is considering acquiring equipment at a cost of $450,000.

Great Plains Railroad Inc. is considering acquiring equipment at a cost of $450,000. The equipment has an estimated life of 10 years and no residual value. It is expected to provide yearly net cash flows of $75,000. The company’s minimum desired rate of return for net present value analysis is 10%.

Compute the following:

a. The average rate of return, giving effect to straight-line depreciation on the investment. Round whole percent to one decimal place.

b. The cash payback period.

c. The net present value. Use the present value of an annuity of $1 table appearing in this chapter (Exhibit 2). Round to the nearest dollar.


Answer:

 a. Average rate of return on investment: $30,000 * 
($450,000 + $0) ÷ 2 
* The annual earnings are equal to the cash flow less the annual depreciation expense, 
shown as follows: 
$75,000 – ($450,000 ÷ 10 years) = $30,000 
b. Cash payback period: $
450,000 
$75,000 

=  6 years 
c. Present value of annual net cash flows ($75,000 × 6.145*)………………………… $460,875 
 Less amount to be invested……………………………………………………………   450,000 
 Net present value………………………………………………………………………… $ 10,875 
* Present value of an annuity of $1 at 10% for 10 periods from Exhibit 2. 

Diamond & Turf Inc. is considering an investment in one of two machines. The sewing machine will increase productivity from sewing 150 baseballs

Diamond & Turf Inc. is considering an investment in one of two machines. The sewing machine will increase productivity from sewing 150 baseballs per hour to sewing 290 per hour. The contribution margin per unit is $0.32 per baseball. Assume that any increased production of baseballs can be sold. The second machine is an automatic packing machine for the golf ball line. The packing machine will reduce packing labor cost. The labor cost saved is equivalent to $21 per hour. The sewing machine will cost $260,000, have an eight-year life, and will operate for 1,800 hours per year. The packing machine will cost $85,000, have an eight-year life, and will operate for 1,400 hours per year. Diamond & Turf seeks a minimum rate of return of 15% on its investments.

a. Determine the net present value for the two machines. Use the present value of an annuity of $1 table in the chapter (Exhibit 2). Round to the nearest dollar.

b. Determine the present value index for the two machines. Round to two decimal places.

c. If Diamond & Turf has sufficient funds for only one of the machines and qualitative factors are equal between the two machines, in which machine should it invest?


Answer:
a. Annual net cash flow—Sewing Machine: 
$80,640 =  1,800 hours × (290 baseballs – 150 baseballs) × $0.32 per baseball 
Annual net cash flow—Packing Machine: 
$29,400 =  1,400 hours × $21 labor cost saved per hour 
Sewing Machine: 
Annual net cash flow (at the end of each of 8 years)………………………… $  80,640 
× Present value of an annuity of $1 at 15% for 8 years (Exhibit 2)…………   4.487 
Present value of annual net cash flows………………………………………… $361,832 
Less amount to be invested………………………………………………………   260,000 
Net present value…………………………………………………………………… $101,832 
Packing Machine:  
Annual net cash flow (at the end of each of 8 years)………………………… $  29,400 
× Present value of an annuity of $1 at 15% for 8 years (Exhibit 2)…………   4.487 
Present value of annual net cash flows………………………………………… $131,918 
Less amount to be invested………………………………………………………     85,000 
Net present value…………………………………………………………………… $  46,918 
b. Present Value Index = 
Total Present Value of Net Cash Flow 
Amount to Be Invested 
Present value index 
of the sewing machine: = 
Present value index 
of the packing machine: = 
$361,832 
$260,000 
$131,918 
$85,000 
=  1.39 
=  1.55 
c. The present value index indicates that the packing machine would be the 
preferred investment, assuming that all other qualitative considerations are 
equal. Note that the net present value of the sewing machine is greater than 
the packing machine’s. However, the sewing machine requires over triple the 
investment than the packing machine ($260,000 vs. $85,000), for barely 
double the extra net present value ($101,832 vs. $46,918). Thus, the present 
value index indicates the packing machine is favored. If there were sufficient 
capital for both investments, then they would both be attractive opportunities. 
This solution does not consider the alternative use of remaining cash, which is 
an additional complexity beyond the scope of this text. 

Double K Doughnuts has computed the net present value for capital expenditure at two locations

Double K Doughnuts has computed the net present value for capital expenditure at two locations. Relevant data related to the computation are as follows:

Blue Springs Lee’s Summit
Total present value of net cash flow $540,750 $484,800
Less amount to be invested 525,000 505,000
Net present value $  15,750 $ (20,200)



a. Determine the present value index for each proposal.
b. Which location does your analysis support?


Answer:
a. Present Value Index  = 
Total Present Value of Net Cash Flow 
Amount to Be Invested 
Present value index 
of Blue Springs:  = 
Present value index 
of Lee’s Summit:  = 
$540,750 
$525,000 
$484,800 
$505,000 
=  1.03 
=  0.96 
b. The analysis supports investing in Blue Springs because the present value 
index is greater than one. The Lee’s Summit investment is not supported. 

Carnival Corporation has recently placed into service some of the largest cruise ships in the world

Carnival Corporation has recently placed into service some of the largest cruise ships in the world. One of these ships, the Carnival Breeze, can hold up to 3,600 passengers, and it can cost $750 million to build. Assume the following additional information:

• There will be 330 cruise days per year operated at a full capacity of 3,600 passengers.

• The variable expenses per passenger are estimated to be $140 per cruise day.

• The revenue per passenger is expected to be $340 per cruise day.

• The fixed expenses for running the ship, other than depreciation, are estimated to be $80,000,000 per year.

• The ship has a service life of 10 years, with a residual value of $140,000,000 at theend of 10 years.

a. Determine the annual net cash flow from operating the cruise ship.

b. Determine the net present value of this investment, assuming a 12% minimum rate of return. Use the present value tables provided in the chapter in determining your answer.


Answer:
a.
 Revenues (3,600 × 330 days × $340)…………………………………………… $403,920,000
 Less: Variable expenses (3,600 × 330 days × $140)………………………… (166,320,000)
 Fixed expenses (other than depreciation)………………………………………    (80,000,000)
 Annual net cash flow………………………………………………………………… $157,600,000

b.
 Present value of annual net cash flows ($157,600,000 × 5.650)…………… $890,440,000
 Present value of residual value ($140,000,000 × 0.322)………………………     45,080,000
 Total present value………………………………………………………………… $935,520,000
 Less amount to be invested………………………………………………………   750,000,000
 Net present value…………………………………………………………………… $185,520,000


Briggs Excavation Company is planning an investment of $132,000 for a bulldozer. The bulldozer is expected to operate for 1,500 hours

Briggs Excavation Company is planning an investment of $132,000 for a bulldozer. The bulldozer is expected to operate for 1,500 hours per year for five years. Customers will be charged $110 per hour for bulldozer work. The bulldozer operator costs $28 per hour in wages and benefits. The bulldozer is expected to require annual maintenance costing $8,000. The bulldozer uses fuel that is expected to cost $46 per hour of bulldozer operation.

a. Determine the equal annual net cash flows from operating the bulldozer.

b. Determine the net present value of the investment, assuming that the desired rate of return is 10%. Use the present value of an annuity of $1 table in the chapter (Exhibit 2). Round to the nearest dollar.

c. Should Briggs invest in the bulldozer, based on this analysis?

d. Determine the number of operating hours such that the present value of cash flows equals the amount to be invested.


Answer:

a. Cash inflows: 

Hours of operation…………………………………… 
 × Revenue per hour……………………………………  $   110 
 Revenue per year………………………………………   $165,000 


Cash outflows:    
 Hours of operation………………………………………  1,500  
 Fuel cost per hour………………………………… $46   
 Labor cost per hour………………………………… 
× Total fuel and labor costs per hour…………… 
Fuel and labor costs per year…………………………  (111,000) 
Maintenance costs per year…………………………    (8,000) 
Annual net cash flow…………………………………  $  46,000 
b. Annual net cash flow (at the end of each of five years)………… $  46,000 
× Present value of annuity of $1 at 10% for five periods…………   3.791 
Present value of annual net cash flows……………………………  $174,386 
Less amount to be invested…………………………………………   132,000 
Net present value……………………………………………………… $  42,386 
c. Yes. Briggs should accept the investment because the bulldozer cost is less 
than the present value of the cash flows at the minimum desired rate of return 
of 10%. 
d. 3.791 [(Hrs.  × $110) – (Hrs. × $74) – $8,000] = $132,000 
(Hrs. × $417) – (Hrs. × $281) – $30,328 = $132,000 
Hrs. × $136 = $162,328 
Hrs. = 1,194 (rounded) 
Thus, the bulldozer operating hours must exceed 1,194 annually in order for 
the investment to be justified. 


Keystone Hotels is considering the construction of a new hotel for $120 million. The expected life of the hotel is 30 years

Keystone Hotels is considering the construction of a new hotel for $120 million. The expected life of the hotel is 30 years, with no residual value. The hotel is expected to earn revenues of $47 million per year. Total expenses, including depreciation, are expected to be $32 million per year. Keystone management has set a minimum acceptable rate of return of 14%.

a. Determine the equal annual net cash flows from operating the hotel.

b. Calculate the net present value of the new hotel, using the present value of an annuity of $1 table found in Appendix A. Round to the nearest million dollars.

c. Does your analysis support construction of the new hotel?


Answer:


a. 
in millions 
Annual revenues………………………………………………………………… $47 
Total expenses……………………………………………………………………  $32 
Less noncash depreciation expense*…………………………………………    4 
Annual cash expenses…………………………………………………………   28 
Annual net cash flow…………………………………………………………… $19 
* Annual depreciation expense, $120 million ÷ 30 years = $4 million per year 
b. 
Annual cash flows……………………………………………………………… 
× Present value of an annuity of $1 at 14% for 30 periods……………… 
Present value of hotel project cash flows, rounded……………………… 
Less hotel construction costs………………………………………………… 
Net present value of hotel project…………………………………………… 
* From Appendix A in the text 
(in millions 
except present 
value factor) 
$ 19 
  7.00266 * 
$ 133 
  120 
$  13 
c. The present value of the hotel’s operating cash flows exceeds the construction 
costs by $13 million. That is, the net present value is positive. Therefore, 
construction of the new hotel can be supported by this analysis. 

AM Express Inc. is considering the purchase of an additional delivery vehicle for $55,000 on January 1, 2014

AM Express Inc. is considering the purchase of an additional delivery vehicle for $55,000 on January 1, 2014. The truck is expected to have a five-year life with an expected residual value of $15,000 at the end of five years. The expected additional revenues from the added delivery capacity are anticipated to be $58,000 per year for each of the next five years. A driver will cost $42,000 in 2014, with an expected annual salary increase of $1,000 for each year thereafter. The annual operating costs for the truck are estimated to be $3,000 per year.

a. Determine the expected annual net cash flows from the delivery truck investment for 2014–2018.

b. Calculate the net present value of the investment, assuming that the minimum desired rate of return is 12%. Use the present value of $1 table appearing in Exhibit 1 of this chapter.

c. Is the additional truck a good investment based on your analysis?


Answer:
a. 
2014 
2015 
2016 
2017 
Revenues………………… $ 58,000 $ 58,000 $ 58,000 $ 58,000 $ 58,000 
Driver salary……………… (42,000) (43,000) (44,000) (45,000) (46,000) 
Operating costs………… (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) (3,000) 
Residual value……………          15,000 
Annual net cash flow…… $ 13,000 $ 12,000 $ 11,000 $ 10,000 $ 24,000 
b. Year 
2014 
2015 
2016 
2017 
Net Cash Flow Present Value Present Value of 
[from part (a)] of $1 at 12% Net Cash Flow 
$13,000 0.893 $11,609 
12,000 0.797 9,564 
11,000 0.712 7,832 
10,000 0.636 6,360 
2018 24,000 0.567   13,608 
Total present value of cash flows………………………………………… $48,973 
Less investment in delivery truck…………………………………………   55,000 
Net present value of delivery truck……………………………………… $ (6,027) 
c. The total present value of cash flows from the delivery truck investment is 
less than the total purchase price of the truck. That is, the net present value 
is negative. Thus, this analysis does not support investment in the truck. 

The following data are accumulated by Bannister Company in evaluating the purchase of $48,500 of equipment, having a four-year useful life:

The following data are accumulated by Bannister Company in evaluating the purchase of $48,500 of equipment, having a four-year useful life:

    Net Income | Net Cash Flow
Year 1 $ 6,875 | $19,000
Year 2  10,875 | 23,000
Year 3   7,875 | 20,000
Year 4   2,875 | 15,000

a. Assuming that the desired rate of return is 15%, determine the net present value for the proposal. Use the table of the present value of $1 appearing in Exhibit 1 of this chapter.

b. Would management be likely to look with favor on the proposal?Explain.


Answer:

Present Value 
of $1 at 15% 

Net Cash 
Flow 
1 0.870 

$19,000 $16,530 
2 0.756 
3 0.658 
23,000 
20,000 
4 0.572   15,000     8,580 
Total…………………………………………  $77,000 $55,658 
Less amount to be invested……………   48,500 
Net present value………………………… $  7,158 
b. Yes. The $7,158 net present value indicates that the return on the proposal is 
greater than the minimum desired rate of return of 15%. 


Lily Products Company is considering an investment in one of two new product lines. The investment required for either product line is $540,000

Lily Products Company is considering an investment in one of two new product lines. The investment required for either product line is $540,000. The net cash flows associated with each product are as follows:

Year | Liquid Soap | Body Lotion
1    |  $170,000   |  $ 90,000
2    |   150,000   |    90,000
3    |   120,000   |    90,000
4    |   100,000   |    90,000
5    |    70,000   |    90,000
6    |    40,000   |    90,000
7    |    40,000   |    90,000
8    |    30,000   |    90,000
Total|  $720,000   |  $720,000

a. Recommend a product offering to Lily Products Company, based on the cash payback period for each product line.

b. Why is one product line preferred over the other, even though they both have the same total net cash flows through eight periods?


Answer:

a. The Liquid Soap product line is recommended, based on its shorter cash 
payback period. The cash payback period for both products can be determined 
using the following schedule: 
Initial investment:  $540,000 
Liquid Soap 

Body Lotion 


Net Cash 
Flow 
 Cumulative 
Net Cash 
Flows 


Net Cash 
Flow 
 Cumulative 
Year 1……………………………… $170,000  $170,000  $90,000  $  90,000 
Year 2……………………………… 150,000  320,000  90,000  180,000 
Year 3……………………………… 120,000  440,000  90,000  270,000 
Year 4……………………………… 100,000  540,000  90,000  360,000 
Year 5………………………………     90,000  450,000 
Year 6………………………………     90,000  540,000 
Liquid Soap has a four-year cash payback period, and Body Lotion has a six- 
year cash payback. 
b. The cash payback periods are different between the two product lines because 
Liquid Soap earns cash faster than does Body Lotion. Even though both 
products earn the same total net cash flow over the eight-year planning horizon, 
Liquid Soap returns cash faster in the earlier years. The cash payback method 
emphasizes the initial years’ net cash flows in determining the cash payback 
period. Thus, the project with the greatest net cash flows in the early years of 
the project life will be favored over the one with less net cash flows in the initial 
years. 

Nations Trust is evaluating two capital investment proposals for a drive-up ATM kiosk, each requiring an investment of $380,000

Nations Trust is evaluating two capital investment proposals for a drive-up ATM kiosk, each requiring an investment of $380,000 and each with an eight-year life and expected total net cash flows of $608,000. Location 1 is expected to provide equal annual net cash flows of $76,000, and Location 2 is expected to have the following unequal annual net cash flows:

Year 1 $120,000 Year 5 $57,000
Year 2   90,000 Year 6  57,000
Year 3   90,000 Year 7  57,000
Year 4   80,000 Year 8  57,000

Determine the cash payback period for both location proposals.


Answer:

Location 1:  $380,000 ÷ $76,000 = 5-year cash payback period. 
Location 2:  4-year cash payback period, as indicated below. 

Cumulative 
Net Cash Net Cash 
Flow Flows 
Year 1…………………………………………………………………………  $120,000 $120,000 
Year 2……………………………………………………………………… 90,000 210,000 
Year 3………………………………………………………………………… 90,000 300,000 
Year 4……………………………………………………………………… 80,000 380,000 

Cornucopia Inc. is planning to invest in new manufacturing equipment to make a new garden tool.

Cornucopia Inc. is planning to invest in new manufacturing equipment to make a new garden tool. The new garden tool is expected to generate additional annual sales of 4,000 units at $68 each. The new manufacturing equipment will cost $107,000 and is expected to have a 10-year life and $13,000 residual value. Selling expenses related to the new product are expected to be 5% of sales revenue. The cost to manufacture the product includes the following on a per-unit basis:

Direct labor                                         $ 9.00
Direct materials                                    36.00
Fixed factory overhead—depreciation  2.35
Variable factory overhead                     4.65
Total                                                  $52.00

Determine the net cash flows for the first year of the project, Years 2–9, and for the last year of the project.


Answer:

Year 1 Years 2–9 Last Year 
Initial investment…………………………………………  $(107,000) 
Operating cash flows: 
Annual revenues (4,000 units × 68)……………… $ 272,000 $ 272,000 $ 272,000 
Selling expenses (5% × $272,000)……………… 
Cost to manufacture 
(13,600) (13,600) (13,600) 
(4,000 units × $49.65)*……………………………   (198,600)   (198,600)   (198,600) 
Net operating cash flows…………………………… $   59,800 $   59,800 $   59,800 
Total for Year 1………………………………………… $  (47,200)   
Total for Years 2–9 (operating cash flow)…………  $   59,800  
Residual value………………………………………     13,000 
Total for last year………………………………………… $   72,800 
* The fixed overhead relates to the depreciation on the equipment. Depreciation is not a cash 
flow and should not be considered in the analysis. Thus, $9.00 + $36.00 + $4.65 = $49.65 

Ray Zor Inc. is considering an investment in new equipment that will be used to manufacture a smartphone

Ray Zor Inc. is considering an investment in new equipment that will be used to manufacture a smartphone. The phone is expected to generate additional annual sales of 4,000 units at $410 per unit. The equipment has a cost of $525,000, residual value of $75,000, and an eight-year life. The equipment can only be used to manufacture the phone. The cost to manufacture the phone is shown below.

Cost per unit:
Direct labor                                                  $ 30
Direct materials                                             280
Factory overhead (including depreciation)     40
Total cost per unit                                        $350

Determine the average rate of return on the equipment.


Answer:
Average Rate 
of Return  = 
Average Annual Income 
Average Investment 
Average Revenues – Annual Product Costs* 
(Beginning Cost + Residual Value) ÷ 2 
($410 × 4,000 units) – ($350 × 4,000 units) 
($525,000 + $75,000) ÷ 2 
= $240,000 
$300,000 
=  80% 
* The depreciation of the equipment is included in the factory overhead cost per unit. 

Midwest Fabricators Inc. is considering an investment in equipment that will replace direct labor

Midwest Fabricators Inc. is considering an investment in equipment that will replace direct labor. The equipment has a cost of $132,000 with a $16,000 residual value and a 10-year
life. The equipment will replace one employee who has an average wage of $34,000 per year. In addition, the equipment will have operating and energy costs of $5,380 per year.

Determine the average rate of return on the equipment, giving effect to straight-line depreciation on the investment.


Answer:
Average Rate 
of Return   =
Average Annual Income 
Average Investment 
Average Savings* – Annual Depreciation – Additional Operating Costs 
(Beginning Cost + Residual Value) ÷ 2 
$34,000 – [($132,000 – $16,000) ÷ 10 years] – $5,380 
($132,000 + $16,000) ÷ 2 
= $17,020 
$74,000 
=  23% 
* The effect of the savings in wages expense is an increase in income. 

The following data are accumulated by Bio Metrics Inc. in evaluating two competing capital investment proposals:

The following data are accumulated by Bio Metrics Inc. in evaluating two competing capital investment proposals:


                                      Testing Equipment | Vehicle
Amount of investment                 $104,000 | $32,000
Useful life                                        6 years | 8 years
Estimated residual value                           0 |       0
Estimated total income over the
useful life                                       $18,720 | $15,360

Determine the expected average rate of return for each proposal.


Answer:


Testing 
Equipment Vehicle 
$18,720 ÷ 6……………………………………………………………… $3,120 
$15,360 ÷ 8……………………………………………………………… $1,920 
Average investment: 
($104,000 + $0) ÷ 2………………………………………………………   $52,000 
($32,000 + $0) ÷ 2……………………………………………………… $16,000 
Average rate of return: 
$3,120 ÷ $52,000………………………………………………………… 6% 
$1,920 ÷ $16,000……………………………………………………… 12%