When Billy misbehaves, his parents make sure to apply punishment immediately and consistently and to use the harshest possible punishment so that Billy will “get the message.” According to research, which of the following is a recommendation you might have to help make their use of punishment be more effective?
make punishment less severe
Seligman’s experiments with dogs that did not escape the shock administered, even when they could have, demonstrates which principle?
learned helplessness
Carrie is trying to complete a jigsaw puzzle. She struggles with it for some time until she suddenly sees how the pieces fit together. Which type of learning is Carrie exhibiting?
insight learning
Carl learned how to change a flat tire by watching his mother do so. She would change a tire and then have him show her each steps as well. Which type of learning does this demonstrate?
observational learning
Memorizing a phone number long enough to dial it, and then forgetting it, fits the text definition of learning.
false
Classical conditioning takes place most readily when the unconditioned stimulus occurs just before the conditioned stimulus.
true.
John B. Watson was one of the researchers who demonstrated that fear could be conditioned in humans.
true
Rescorla’s cognitive view of classical conditioning suggests that the repeated pairing of the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is the critical element for conditioning to occur.
false.
The “operant” in operant conditioning refers to voluntary behavior.
true
Negative reinforcement is designed to have the same outcome as a punishment
true
According to Skinner, punishment can suppress behavior but not extinguish it.
True
Biofeedback can be used to train individuals to control internal responses such as heart rate and anxiety tension states.
True
Behavior modification programs require a therapist to administer them.
False
The process of latent learning depends on reinforcement taking place.
False.
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