Mike went to his friend Abe’s house with Nick. When the pair returned to Mike’s house, Nick said, “Mike, isn’t Abe’s cat the brightest orange cat

When an incomplete figure appears on a sheet of paper, we are able to discern the entire figure because we

a. have selective perception.

b. extrapolate from the information available to us.

c. visualize items in isolation.

d. perceive our environment objectively.

(b) Difficult/Synthesis

87. Mike went to his friend Abe’s house with Nick. When the pair returned to Mike’s house, Nick said, “Mike, isn’t Abe’s cat the brightest orange cat you’ve ever seen?” Mike replied, “Nick to be honest, I didn’t notice anything but Abe’s dog. I’m afraid of dogs and wasn’t sure if he would bother me or not.” Mike exhibited

a. selective visual perception at Abe’s house.

b. visual extrapolation at Abe’s house.

c. focal contrast at Abe’s house.

d. visual objectivity at Abe’s house.

(a) Difficult/Synthesis

88. Beth, Ramon and Nandini just walked out of the office where they delivered a mock commercial for a proposed client’s cereal. Beth says to her co-presenters, “I’m so sorry I messed up during the presentation. I really did not mean to put up the slide with last year’s cereal box on it instead of the one for this year. I know we won’t get the account now, and it’s all my fault.” Beth is exhibiting

a. self-enhancement bias.

b. false consensus error.

c. self-effacement bias.

d. stereotypes.

(c) Medium/Evaluation

89. Self-enhancement bias is

a. the tendency for people to underestimate their performance, undervalue capabilities, and see events in a way that puts them in a more negative light.

b. the tendency to overestimate our performance and capabilities and see ourselves in a more positive light than others see us.

c. the overestimation of how similar we are to other people.

d. the process with which individuals detect and interpret environmental stimuli.

(b) Easy/Knowledge

90. The car was traveling very slowly on the highway in front of Ned. He turned to Sally and said, “This is ridiculous, we are never going to get there on time. That must be a woman driver in front of us!” Ned is engaging in

a. false consensus error.

b. self-fulfilling prophecy.

c. stereotyping.

d. first impressions.

(c) Easy/Analysis

91. The professor announced the first day of class: “Students are not good at meeting deadlines. I guarantee you that someone will email me the day after a due date and ask if I will accept a paper for partial credit.” Yesterday the first paper was due in the professor’s class. He just checked his email and a student inquired whether the paper could be turned in for partial credit today. This is an example of

a. self-fulfilling prophecy.

b. self-enhancement bias.

c. self-effacement bias.

d. selective perception.

(a) Medium/Synthesis

92. Which of the following statements regarding first impressions is INCORRECT?

a. First impressions are fleeting impressions.

b. First impressions are resilient even in the face of contrary evidence.

c. First impressions become independent of the evidence that created them.

d. First impressions are stable impressions.

(a) Medium/Synthesis

93. When interviewing keep all of these pieces of advice in mind EXCEPT

a. it is not how you dress, but how confident you are that determines your success.

b. have a professional-looking résumé.

c. be on time for the interview.

d. practice for the interview.

(a) Medium/Comprehension

94. Internal attribution

a. is the belief that a behavior is caused by the internal characteristics of a person.

b. is the causal explanation given for an observed behavior.

c. explains someone’s behavior by referring to the situation.

d. is the tendency to attribute failures to the situation while attributing successes to internal causes.

(a) Easy/Knowledge

95. Which of the following is not a key factor in understanding what kind of attributions we make?

a. consistency

b. distinctiveness

c. perception

d. consensus

(c) Easy/Knowledge

96. Low distinctiveness is characterized by

a. a person in a situation, acting the same way he always does in that situation.

b. a person behaving differently than he usually does in different situations.

c. a person behaving this way in different situations.

d. everyone else behaving in the same way.

(c) Easy/Knowledge