Dr. Smith believes that depression is a consequence of faulty thinking, decision making, and problem solving. Which which theoretical perspective would Dr. Smith most agree?

Psychology is defined as:

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

A counseling psychologist is working with a married couple to promote better communication in their relationship. Which goal of psychology is the psychologist trying to accomplish?

influence

Which of the following is true regarding basic and applied research?

Basic research would allow us to learn about memory changes, and applied research allows us to help those with memory problems cope with everyday life

One of the first psychological laboratories was established by _______ where he used _____ as the primary method of research.

William Wundt, introspection

The early psychological school of thought devoted to studying the basic elements of conscious mental expression was ______, developed by ______.

structuralism, Tichener

_____ is the school of thought that focuses on unconscious wishes, desires, and impulses.

Psychoanalytic psychology

_____ is associated with _____, the school of thought that studies only observable, measurable behavior.

John B. Watson; behaviorism

Dr. Smith believes that depression is a consequence of faulty thinking, decision making, and problem solving. Which which theoretical perspective would Dr. Smith most agree?

cognitive

Dr Jarrod, a psychologist, is part of an interdisciplinary team that includes biologists, biochemists, and medical researchers, who study the nervous system. To which field does Dr. Jarrod likely belong?

neroscience

Dr. Benson studies the factors that promote productivity in an office environment for a large company. Which type of psychologist is Dr. Benson likely to be?

industrial-organizational psychologist

Which type of psychologist is most likely to study how human behavior is affected by the presence of other people?

social pstchologist

Which of the following is not a characteristic exhibited when one engages in critical thinking?

independent thinking

A researcher is studying patterns of social play in 8-year olds by watching children on a playground and documenting their behaviors. Which research method is she using?

naturalistic observation

A survey taker makes sure that the people surveyed closely mirror the population of interest. He is ensuring that he has a

representative sample

A professor asks her class to record how often they study. Her students may tend to report studying more than they really do, thereby giving a

social desirability response

The variable that is presumed to vary as a result of the manipulation of another variable is called a

dependent variable

Dr. Needles is testing the effects of a new drug. One group receives the drug, while a comparison group receives an injection of a harmless solution. The group that receives the drug is called the

control group

In Dr. Needles experiment, neither he nor the participants know who gets the drug and who gets the harmless solution. This method is called:

the double-blind technique

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?

67

Research participants must be told the purpose of the study in which they are participating and its potential for harming them. This is the ethical consideration known as

informed consent

Replication is used to verify a study’s findings with a different group of participants.

True

Wilhelm Wundt and John Watson belonged to the same early school of psychology.

False

Humanistic psychology focuses on the uniqueness of human beings and their capacity for growth.

True

Information-processing theory compares the human brain’s workings to those of a computer.

True

The view that human behavior is shaped by psychological factors is called the sociocultural approach.

False

Descriptive research methods, such as surveys and observation, accomplish all four goals of psychology equally well

False

The experimental method allows for the greatest experimenter control as well as perimitting cause and effect conclusions to be drawn.

True

A perfect positive correlation is indicated by the coefficient 1.00

True

If stress and illness are positively correlated, it means that stress causes illness

False

The APA permits the use of animals in research

True

A woman in her mid-seventies is extremely sexually active. Based on what is known about sexuality and older women

Stimulation of the___________has resulted in increased sexual activity in rats and feelings of sexual arousal in humans.

Hypothalamus

Oxytocin is produced by the

Hypothalamus.

A low testosterone level in men would be most likely to have which of the following effects?

little interest in sexual activity

Which of the following statements regarding hormones in men and women is false?

The dominant estrogen in males and females is also called Depo-Provera.

Which of the following statements is true?

Women have less testosterone than men but are more sensitive to it than men are.

In men, the primary source of androgens is the______, while the______is (are) where the remaining androgens are produced.

testes; adrenal glands

Substances known to inhibit sexual behavior are called

Anaphrodisiacs.

Which of the following biological factors play the most important role in male sexual motivation?

Androgens

Estrogen therapy in women

has sometimes been found to increase sexual desire and sometimes to have no effect.

Which of the following is the best example of vasocongestion?

erection of the penis

Which of the following best summarizes the role of oxytocin in both male and female sexual behavior?

It is secreted during cuddling and physical intimacy and increases the skin's sensitivity to touch.

A woman in her mid-seventies is extremely sexually active. Based on what is known about sexuality and older women, which of the following inferences could most likely be made?

The woman has probably been sexually active on a regular basis for many years.

Human sexual arousal and response

is probably determined by both psychosocial factors and biological factors.

Nicotine slows sexual motivation and function by

constricting the blood vessels and decreasing testosterone in the blood.

One of the problems in using drugs such as Depo-Provera to treat sex offenders is that

many sexual assaults occur as the result of nonsexual motives.

The effect of castration on sexual desire and erotic functioning in men is

highly variable, ranging from complete cessation of sexual activity to only moderately reduced levels of erotic arousal and expression.

Of the main senses, ______tends to predominate during sexual sharing.

Touch

Which of the following statements concerning the Grafenberg spot is true?

When this area is stimulated, some women ejaculate a fluid that is chemically similar to male prostate secretions.

Which of the following has demonstrated aphrodisiac properties in rats and to some extent in humans?

yohimbine hydrochloride

Both the______and______produce androgens in the female body.

ovaries; adrenal glands

The correct order of Masters and Johnson's model is

excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution.

Which of the following is most influential in sexual motivation in both men and women?

unattached (free) testosterone

______is the engorgement with blood of body tissues that respond to sexual excitation.

Vasocongestion

Britta assumes that her new boyfriend will be able to fix her broken car, because she believes men are more mechanically inclined than women

Surgical procedures for persons requesting sex reassignment are

most effective for men wishing to be women.

Most religious organizations in the United States emphasize

male dominance.

"Gender role" refers to

attitudes and behaviors considered appropriate in a specific society for people of a particular sex.

Two aspects of our biological sex are

genetic sex and anatomical sex.

The clitoris of the female is homologous to the______of the male.

glans of the penis

Britta assumes that her new boyfriend will be able to fix her broken car, because she believes men are more mechanically inclined than women. Britta’s behavior reflects

gender stereotypes.

The______are part of the endocrine system.

gonads

Roberto meets his female neighbor, and based on her sex, makes predictions about her behavior. He is

making gender assumptions.

The sex chromosomes for males are______and those for females are______.

XY; XX

Studies of television programming have demonstrated that

women are valued primarily for physical appearance.

When his older sister teases him, nine-year-old Tyrone does not cry because he has learned that boys are not supposed to cry. This exemplifies the concept of

gender roles

Which of the following statements is true?

Genetic sex is determined by our sex chromosomes.

Which one of the following is false with respect to genetics and development?

No triggers are necessary for a fetus to develop into an anatomically normal female.

______influence the development of female physical sex characteristics and help regulate the menstrual cycle.

Estrogens

At the first level of sexual differentiation, ______determine our biological sex.

chromosomes

Sex chromosomes determine our

genetic sex.

When asked whether she is a boy or a girl, three-year-old Marga enthusiastically states "I'm a girl!" Marga's response indicates that she has a clearly formed

gender identity.

The______plays a major role in controlling the production of sex hormones.

hypothalamus

Another term for transsexualism is

gender dysphoria.

The assumption that a man would work to support his family while his wife would stay home to care for their children would be an example of

gender role expectations.

The response that occurs when the testicles move closer to the body as a result of sexual stimulation is called

Cold temperatures or sexual stimulation may cause it to move closer to the body.

Scrotum

In order for the penis to become erect, which of the following must occur?

blood must accumulate in the cylinders of the penis

All of the following are found in the scrotal sac except

Cowper's glands.

The second leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States is

prostate cancer.

All of the following are risk factors associated with prostate cancer except

being Asian American.

A cheesy substance known as______can accumulate under the prepuce of the penis, causing discomfort and possible infection.

smegma

Which of the following statements concerning penis size is true?

Smaller flaccid penises tend to expand proportionately more in size during erection than ones that are larger when flaccid.

Which one is NOT true concerning castration?

It is a Jewish religious rite of passage.

Castration has been performed in recent decades for all of the following reasons except

as a supposed "cure" for masturbation.

A condition known as______exists when a man has an extremely tight foreskin.

phimosis

______takes place within the seminiferous tubules.

Sperm production

The spermatic cord contains the

vas deferens.

The response that occurs when the testicles move closer to the body as a result of sexual stimulation is called

the cremasteric reflex.

During the______phase of ejaculation, a man will usually experience the "point of no return".

emission

Uncircumcised men are at a slightly higher risk for developing______than circumcised men.

penile cancer

Occasionally a male will experience orgasm without direct genital stimulation. The most familiar of these occurrences is called

nocturnal emission.

The______is located at the base of the bladder and secretes about 30 percent of the seminal fluid released during ejaculation.

prostate gland

Prostate cancer

may lack obvious symptoms in the early stages.

The vas deferens

is the tube that is severed in a vasectomy.

Which of the following statements concerning seminal fluid is true?

The amount of fluid is influenced by the length of time since the last orgasm.

The______of the penis can be retracted, and circumcision involves the permanent removal of this sleeve of skin.

foreskin

The route that the testes take as they move from the abdomen to the scrotum is called the

inguinal canal.

The Cowper's glands secrete a fluid when a man becomes sexually aroused

that may contain active sperm.

For which of the following conditions would regular genital self-examination be most beneficial?

testicular cancer

The condition whereby one or both testicles fail to descend is called

Cryptorchidism.

The penis consists primarily of

spongy tissue.

A woman's partner caresses her labia majora. The woman would most likely experience

The "Mound of Venus" refers to

the fatty tissue covering the pubic bone.

"Hot flashes"

are the result of rapid dilation of blood vessels.

Rugae refer to

the folded walls of the vagina.

The labia majora

surround the labia minora.

An imperforate hymen

causes the menstrual flow to collect in the vagina.

The inner lining of the uterus is the

endometrium.

Vulva refers to

the female external genital structures.

Which statement about breasts is true?

The glandular tissue in the breasts responds to sex hormones.

A woman's partner caresses her labia majora. The woman would most likely experience

sensual pleasure.

The_______is composed of the external shaft and glans and the internal crura.

clitoris

______is the medical specialty for female sexual and reproductive anatomy.

Gynecology

The fringe-like projections at the end of each fallopian tube are called

fimbriae.

_______is the most common way women achieve arousal and orgasm when masturbating.

Clitoral stimulation

The opening of the vagina is referred to as the

introitus.

The cavernous bodies, or spongy structures are located in the

shaft of the clitoris.

The Grafenberg spot

may trigger ejaculation in some women when stimulated.

The uterus

is suspended in the pelvic cavity by ligaments.

The vulva includes all of the following except

vagina.

Douching

can increase susceptibility to infections if done too frequently.

The labia minora join at the

prepuce.

The hymen

may serve to protect vaginal tissues early in life.

Which of the following would be most beneficial in facilitating genital hygiene?

washing the vulva regularly with a mild soap

Which of the following statements regarding the mons veneris is false?

Due to the absence of nerve endings, it is relatively insensitive to touch.

_______refers to the blood engorgement that occurs during sexual arousal.

Vasocongestion

The introitus is located

between the urinary opening and the anus.

The reason some breasts are larger than others is primarily a result of

larger amounts of fatty tissue.

Which of the following would NOT be recommended to enhance vaginal lubrication?

Vaseline

Breasts are

secondary sex characteristics.

A science writer hears of a 35 year old male who lost his penis at circumcision. He interviews all family members, reads medical records

Most of our scientific information about human sexuality has been obtained by

surveys.

A major advantage of the experimental method is

control over variables that influence the behavior being studied.

Which of the following statements regarding Kinsey's research is false?

All of the respondents were married and age 30 or older.

The survey method

can be done with the use of technology such as computers.

The fact that the majority of participants in sex research have been white, middle-class volunteers illustrates the problem of

demographic bias.

If you wanted information on how men and women respond physiologically during sexual arousal and orgasm, your best source of information would be

Masters and Johnson.

Which one is most true?

In spite of the vast amount of knowledge sexologists have learned, many questions about human sexual behavior remain unanswered.

Kinsey and his associates obtained their data by means of

survey interviews.

One advantage of the case study method is that

in-depth, highly subjective information about the subjects can be obtained.

A science writer hears of a 35 year old male who lost his penis at circumcision. He interviews all family members, reads medical records, and writes a book about this. This is most likely an example of which of the following?

the case study

One of the problems with sex survey research is______, or the refusal to participate in a study.

nonresponse

Which research method would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between the religious beliefs of Americans and their attitudes toward sex education in the schools?

the survey

Which of the following is an advantage of using interviews instead of questionnaires?

They provide opportunities for flexibility.

Kinsey's studies on American sexuality were pioneering but limited, because his sample included

a disproportionate number of better educated persons.

Surveys administered over the Internet may be especially useful because

participants can be recruited from distant places.

Which of the following statements regarding case studies is false?

Masters and Johnson's research is an example of the case study method.

Which of the following stimulus situations was NOT used in Masters and Johnson's research?

oral-genital stimulation

In which type of research is a representative sample of people asked to answer questions about their sexual attitudes or behaviors?

survey

A vaginal photoplethysmograph

measures increased vaginal lubrication.

The penile strain gauge and the vaginal photoplethysmograph both measure

blood flow/volume to the genitals.

Which of the following statements regarding Masters and Johnson's research is true?

Their final sample population consisted primarily of individuals with above average intelligence from an academic community.

Bob Crooks is currently involved in the implementation of an HIV/AIDS education project in Kenya. Which research method is he using to measure the impact of this education program?

survey

The case study is a research method in which

individuals are studied in great detail.

______conducted the first extensive survey of American sexual behaviors.

Kinsey

The book Human Sexual Response was written by

Masters and Johnson.